defining variables

short and unsigned short use 2 bytes

int and unsigned int use 4 bytes

long and unsigned long use 4 bytes as well

float use 4 bytes

double and long double use 8 bytes

char makes a data type, single quote of letter

bool is a data type to store either true or false

common escape sequences in C++

\n newline go to next line

\t horizontal tab skip to next tab stop

\a alarm beep

\b backspace move left one position the cursor

\r return move to beginning of current line the cursor

\\ backslash print backslash

\’ single quote print single quote

\” double quote print double quote